Function to simulate the diversity-dependent diversification process

Simulating the diversity-dependent diversification process

Usage

dd_sim(pars, age, ddmodel = 1)

Arguments

pars: Vector of parameters:

pars[1] corresponds to lambda (speciation rate)
pars[2] corresponds to mu (extinction rate)
pars[3] corresponds to K (clade-level carrying capacity)
age: Sets the crown age for the simulation
ddmodel: Sets the model of diversity-dependence:
ddmodel == 1 : linear dependence in speciation rate with parameter K (= diversity where speciation = extinction)
ddmodel == 1.3 : linear dependence in speciation rate with parameter K' (= diversity where speciation = 0)
ddmodel == 2 : exponential dependence in speciation rate with parameter K (= diversity where speciation = extinction)
ddmodel == 2.1 : variant of exponential dependence in speciation rate with offset at infinity
ddmodel == 2.2 : 1/n dependence in speciation rate
ddmodel == 2.3 : exponential dependence in speciation rate with parameter x (= exponent)
ddmodel == 3 : linear dependence in extinction rate
ddmodel == 4 : exponential dependence in extinction rate
ddmodel == 4.1 : variant of exponential dependence in extinction rate with offset at infinity
ddmodel == 4.2 : 1/n dependence in extinction rate with offset at infinity
ddmodel == 5 : linear dependence in speciation and extinction rate

Value

out: A list with the following four elements: The first element is the tree of extant species in phylo format
The second element is the tree of all species, including extinct species, in phylo format
The third element is a matrix of all species where
- the first column is the time at which a species is born
- the second column is the label of the parent of the species; positive and negative values only indicate whether the species belongs to the left or right crown lineage
- the third column is the label of the daughter species itself; positive and negative values only indicate whether the species belongs to the left or right crown lineage
- the fourth column is the time of extinction of the species. If this equals -1, then the species is still extant.
The fourth element is the set of branching times of the tree of extant species.

References

- Etienne, R.S. et al. 2012, Proc. Roy. Soc. B 279: 1300-1309, doi: 10.1098/rspb.2011.1439
- Etienne, R.S. & B. Haegeman 2012. Am. Nat. 180: E75-E89, doi: 10.1086/667574

Author

Rampal S. Etienne

Examples

 dd_sim(c(0.2,0.1,20),10) 
#> $tes
#> 
#> Phylogenetic tree with 2 tips and 1 internal nodes.
#> 
#> Tip labels:
#>   t1, t2
#> 
#> Rooted; includes branch lengths.
#> 
#> $tas
#> 
#> Phylogenetic tree with 3 tips and 2 internal nodes.
#> 
#> Tip labels:
#>   t1, t3, t2
#> 
#> Rooted; includes branch lengths.
#> 
#> $L
#>           [,1] [,2] [,3]      [,4]
#> [1,] 10.000000    0   -1 -1.000000
#> [2,] 10.000000   -1    2 -1.000000
#> [3,]  1.584906   -1   -3  1.241685
#> 
#> $brts
#> [1] 10
#>